By Joshua Tosin Ogunsakin 
Africa’s military budgets reflect a mix of regional security challenges, geopolitical priorities, and economic capacities. As of the latest compiled estimates and defence spending trends, North African states dominate the top ranks, but sub-Saharan powers also play key roles in continental security planning. African defence spending remains a small share of global totals — but within the continent, strategic priorities and threats heavily shape budget decisions.
This article by Vanguard, which ranks the top 10 African countries by estimated military budget in 2026, is based on the most recent available defence spending figures and projections from 2024–2025 data adjusted forward:
1. Algeria — $25+ billion
Algeria continues to lead the continent in defence allocation, with sustained investment in air, land and border security systems. Its large military budget supports force readiness and counter-terror operations across its vast desert frontier.
2. Morocco — $13.4 billion
Morocco remains a major defence spender in North Africa, with a strong focus on modernisation, air power and coastal security. Its position reflects long-term investments aimed at regional balance and external partnerships.
3. Egypt — $6–9 billion
Egypt’s defence budget continues to be one of the largest in Africa, underpinning one of the most experienced armies and broad military engagements regionally and internationally.
4. Nigeria — $3–4 billion
Africa’s most populous nation maintains significant defence spending to tackle insurgencies, terrorism, piracy and border security, balancing resources between internal security and conventional force needs.
5. South Africa — $2.3–3.1 billion
South Africa’s defence forces invest in training, peacekeeping and modern equipment, balancing strategic interests with fiscal pressures and social priorities.
6. Libya — $3 billion
Despite ongoing internal conflict and political fragmentation, Libya’s armed forces continue to command a sizeable share of national expenditure for internal security and power projection.
7. Ethiopia — $2.1 billion
Ethiopia’s military spending reflects its large armed forces and investment in border defence, internal security, and presence across regional peacekeeping missions.
8. Kenya — $1.3–2.2 billion
Kenya’s defence budget supports regional security roles, including peacekeeping missions in Somalia, counter-terrorism efforts, and maritime vigilance.
9. Tanzania — $1.4 billion
Tanzania’s military allocation supports internal security and regional cooperation operations, alongside steady increases in general government spending.
10. Tunisia — $1.4 billion
Tunisia rounds out the top ten, maintaining defence funds for border security and counter-terrorism despite economic pressures and competing priorities.